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Intergrated Writing

约 1000 个字 8 张图片 预计阅读时间 3 分钟

基本知识

  • 结构：总分
  • 每一段：阅读的观点，演讲的观点，两者关系（However/In Constrast）
  • 对材料的指称：
    • The Speaker\lecturer\professor\listening material\lecture\talk
    • The writer\author\reading material\writing\passage
    • 注意he\she
  • 注意时态：一般现在时态/一般过去时态，要注意框架部分时态的一致性。

模板

要准备两套：字数少/多的，120-225，总归要在250之内

字数是第一印象，140-150会认为不太完整。

  • The lecture discusses...which refutes the main idea in the reading that...
  • The professor made the point that... on the contrary\ in contrast\ however, the writer demonstrated a different\ contradictory idea that...（长）
  • Contrary to the belief in the passage that ...the professor says that...（短）
  • The professor refutes the viewpoint showed in the passage that... by saying that...（比较容易出错）
  • The reading material denies(\refutes\challenges?) the listening material. (？)
  • The lecture contradicts\refutes\ is contrary to\ is the opposite of the idea in the reading （by saying that...）
  • The professor made the point that ...The reading, in contrast, held a different view by stating that...
  • The listening material contradicts the reading material regarding the issue\problem of ...
  • As regards\In terms of...the listening material contradicts the reading material.
  • Another important point showed in the listening material is that ...but the reading presents a conflicting idea that...
  • Finally, the professor stated that ...which challenges the standpoint made by the writer who said that...
  • In general, the professor discussed the problem\issue of ...that the reading viewed in a contrary\opposing\different angle.
  • According to the lecture... on the other hand \while the reading stated that ... These two ideas are contradictory to each other.

不要把Reading和Lecturer的内容写错

调整字数： Introduction可以调整字数，可以灵活贯通 短的：他们都讨论什么内容，他们的关系是什么 长的：他们讨论的是什么。Reading xxx Lecture xxx, 他们的关系是xxx

注意variety, state, say, discuss, ...

Reading和Lecture字数要尽量相当。

范文分析

对于观点的表达是不一样的。believe/cast doubt on/think

需要区分point和evidence.

  • Secondly, the author contends that it costs a lot to have wood inspected, so certified products will be more expensive. The article notes that American consumers are strongly motivated by price, and will choose products that have not been certified. The lecturer rebuts this argument. She suggests that customers do not care too much about small differences in price. She elaborates on this by mentioning that certified products will only be about five percent more expensive, which will not affect the purchasing decisions of buyers.

  • Finally, the author states that certification only makes sense for companies that sell products outside of the United States. The article establishes that American firms sell most of their products domestically, and their customers are happy with their merchandise as it is. The professor, on the other hand, posits that American businesses should be afraid of foreign competitors. She puts forth the idea that foreign firms could flood into America and win customers by selling ecocertified wood to people who care about the environment.

  • flood into: 体现出“大量”

  • win: 隐含了competition

平时也可以注意小词的积累

评分标准

  • Be judged on
  • Quality of your writing
  • The completeness and accuracy of the content
  • (Bear in mind)

TP0 11

Reading

总结： 抓住主题句！第一段里：Reading public, for culture in general and for the future literature itself

是Conclusion sentence, 不是topic sentence

Listening

设问句，自问自答

  1. The culture is not declining.

Note Taking

Sample

第二段：even if是reading的内容，最好还是指出是reading里的（which is stated in the reading）

  • 需要有point，必须要有point + evidence
  • 还是要找清楚evidence逻辑

Transient lunar phenomena (TLP) are relatively brief flashes of light that appear to come from the surface of the Moon. Such flashes of light have been observed for centuries by both amateur and professional astronomers, and several theories have been put forward to explain them.

One theory is that TLP are not genuine lunar phenomena, but only random observational errors caused by defects in the telescopes some observers use. Optical instruments such as telescopes or microscopes are complex pieces of machinery; even small flaws in their design can create artificial optical impressions like flashes or other distortions in the visual field. To an observer, a flash of light caused by an instrument error may sometimes look like a real phenomenon taking place in nature.

A second theory is that meteors striking the Moon cause TLP. Because the Moon has no atmosphere, meteors often reach the lunar surface. In fact, meteors strike the Moon every day. According to the meteor theory, when meteors strike the lunar surface, they explode, creating enough heat energy to appear as a flash of light to observers on Earth. When people observe TLP, they are actually observing flashes of light generated by meteor impacts.

A third theory is that TLP are the result of lunar rocks emitting their own light by a process called thermoluminescence. It is known that the Moon does in fact contain certain rocks that are capable of generating light in this way when they are heated by the Sun. This is strong empirical support that TLP are caused by thermoluminescence.

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